In Janus v. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Council 31, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state laws obliging nonunion employees to pay fees to the unions that are their “exclusive bargaining representative” are unconstitutional on First Amendment grounds. The decision applies to 5.9 million state and local public employees in 22 states and has shaken up public-sector labor relations. This paper assesses the fallout.
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