But that reverence does not extend to one of his most influential opinions: the plurality decision he authored in Employment Division v. Smith in 1990. In Smith, Scalia concluded that courts could not use the First Amendment’s free exercise clause to carve out exemptions from “neutral laws of general applicability”—in that case, Oregon’s criminalization of peyote. The ruling drew criticism from religious groups across the country and led to a wave of religious freedom legislation that sought to provide protections that the court refused to enforce on its own. Read Full Article »